Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae
Taxonomy
In 1785, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a description of a second species of
Cannabis, which he named
Cannabis indica. Lamarck based his description of the newly named species on plant specimens collected in
India. Richard Evans Schultes described
C. indica as relatively short, conical, and densely branched, whereas
Cannabis sativa was described as tall and laxly branched.
Loran C. Anderson described
C. indica plants as having short, broad leaflets whereas those of
C. sativa were characterized as relatively long and narrow.
[ Dr. Loran C. Anderson - FSU Biological Science Faculty Emeritus] C. indica plants conforming to Schultes's and Anderson's descriptions originated from the
Hindu Kush mountain range. Because of the often harsh and variable climate of those parts (extremely cold winters and warm summers),
C. indica is well-suited for cultivation in temperate climates.
The specific epithet indica is Latin for "of India" and has come to be synonymous with the cannabis strain.
There was very little debate about the taxonomy of Cannabis until the 1970s, when botanists like Richard Evans Schultes began testifying in court on behalf of accused persons who sought to avoid criminal charges of possession of C. sativa by arguing that the plant material could instead be C. indica.
Cultivation
Broad-leafed
C. indica plants in the Indian Subcontinent are traditionally cultivated for the production of
charas, a form of
hashish. Pharmacologically,
C. indica tend to have higher THC content than
C. sativa strains.
Some users report more of a "stoned" feeling and less of a "high" from
C. indica when compared to
C. sativa. (The terms
sativa and
indica, used in this sense, are more appropriately termed "narrow-leaflet" and "wide-leaflet" drug type, respectively.)
["Sativa vs Indica." AMSTERDAM – THE CHANNELS. Web. 5 December 2010. .] The
C. indica high is often referred to as a "body buzz" and has beneficial properties such as
Analgesia in addition to being an effective
Sedative and an
anxiolytic, as opposed to
C. sativa's more common reports of a cerebral, creative and energetic high, and even (albeit rarely) including
hallucinations.
Differences in the
terpenoid content of the essential oil may account for some of these differences in effect.
Common
C. indica strains for recreational or
Medical cannabis use include Kush and Northern Lights.
A recent genetic analysis included both the narrow-leaflet and wide-leaflet drug "biotypes" under C. indica, as well as southern and eastern Asian hemp (fiber/seed) landraces and wild Himalayan populations.
Genome
In 2011, a team of Canadian researchers led by Andrew Sud announced that they had sequenced a draft genome of the Purple Kush strain of
C. indica.
Gallery
External links
